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Klinik Ukhwah
Topik: penyakit kulit?


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Oleh penyakit kulit?

JoshuaIsfahan
WARGA SETIA
Menyertai: 21.05.2003
Ahli No: 701
Posting: 1577
Dari: Damansara

KualaLumpur  


posticon Posting pada: 09-10-03 00:06


anyone here boleh explain penyakit jangkitan kuman pd kulit seperti panau atau kurap(dlm bahasa saintifik....korupsi...heheheh....just wanna know...

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Hanan

Menyertai: 13.05.2003
Ahli No: 4
Posting: 3991

Selangor   avatar


posticon Posting pada: 13-10-03 17:35


mana doktor alin....

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darul_numan81
:WARGA AWAL BERJASA:
Menyertai: 16.05.2003
Ahli No: 239
Posting: 1548
Dari: Batu Pahat,Johor

Johor   avatar


posticon Posting pada: 13-10-03 21:20


assalamualaikum..here i come hanan..hehehe

**************************************************

KULIT

Kulit adalah organ yang terbesar dalam badan yang memainkan peranan penting untuk menghalang kemasukan bakteria atau patogen ke dalam badan kita. Ia juga membantu mengawal suhu badan dan mengeluarkan bahan kumuhan dari badan. Oleh kerana kulit merupakan lapisan paling luar badan, ia lebih mudah terdedah kepada pelbagai masalah. Masalah kulit yang kerap dihadapi ialah akne(jerawat), kulit kering dan jangkitan kulat. Okay, yg akan ana terangkan di sini adalah jangkitan kulat.. iaitu kurap dan panau

1. JENIS-JENIS JANGKITAN KULAT

a. Kurap

Kurap kelihatan seperti tompokan-tompokan merah pada kulit. Ia boleh didapati pada bahagian peha atau bahagian badan yang lain.

b.Kurap air (Athlete’s foot)

Ia merupakan keadaan jangkitan kulit pada celahan jejari kaki yang lembap dimana kelihatan tompokan berwarna putih dan gatal

c. Panau (White Spots)

Ia merupakan jangkitan kulat pada permukaan kulit yang biasanya berlaku pada golongan dewasa dan kanak-kanak. Ia kelihatan seperti tompokan putih yang bersisik dan gatal. Ia boleh didapati di leher, bahu, lengan dan kaki.

2. APAKAH YG PERLU ANDA LAKUKAN?

Kulat wujud dalam keadaan kulit yang panas dan lembap. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, anda bolehlah melakukan perkara-perkara berikut:

* Pastikan ruang diantara celahan jejari, lipatan kulit pada bahagian pangkal peha dan ketiak adalah kering

* Elakkan berkaki ayam atas lantai yang basah terutama sekali di tempat awam seperti bilik mandi dan kolam renang.

* Jangan berkongsi peralatan peribadi seperti tuala dan sikat untuk mengelakkan jangkitan

* Pakai stoking yang mudah serap peluh. Elakkan stoking yang dibuat daripada nylon

* Amalkan cara hidup sihat dengan mengambil makanan seimbang, bersenam dan luangkan masa untuk berehat bagi meningkatkan daya tahan badan

* Sekiranya anda mengalami sebarang simptom jangkitan kulat, hubungi ahli farmasi anda untuk mendapatkan maklumat sediaan antikulat yang sesuai

Terdapat beberapa ubat yang boleh anda gunakan untuk mengatasi masalah jangkitan kulat:

* Krim anti-kulat adalah yang paling berkesan. Sapukan krim ini pada bahagian yang dijangkiti sebanyak satu atau dua kali sehari selama tiga minggu

* Jangan berhenti menggunakan ubat walaupun simptom jangkitan telah hilang. Teruskan lagi selama tujuh hari lagi. Untuk makluman, tompokan putih dalam jangkitan panau masih lagi kelihatan walaupun jangkitan telah sembuh.

* Tablet anti-kulat diperlukan untuk tempat jangkitan yang luas. Anda bolehlah berjumpa doktor bagi mendapatkan ubat yang sesuai.

KESIMPULAN
Semasa mengamalkan pengubatan kendiri, nasihat dari ahli farmasi berkenaan pemilihan dan cara penggunaan produk adalah penting. Ini ialah untuk memastikan keberkesanan ubat yang digunakan dan dapat mengelakkan dari kesan sampingan yang tidak diingini.
wassalam



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Hanan

Menyertai: 13.05.2003
Ahli No: 4
Posting: 3991

Selangor   avatar


posticon Posting pada: 26-11-03 21:50



Antara penyakit kulit yang lain :

Eczema
Eczema is an inflammation of the skin which may cause dryness, flakiness, heat and, probably most importantly, itching. Dermatitis is a term which is sometimes connected, in people's minds, with exposure to chemicals. It really only means inflammation of the skin, and could be used interchangeably with eczema, as it often is by doctors.

Eczema can be caused by a number of different factors, and may result in just a small patch of skin being affected, but can affect skin anywhere on the body.

Symptoms
Whatever causes your eczema, it leads to itching and redness, and may make the skin dry and flaky. Sometimes, itchy blisters form. When these burst, or when scratching damages the skin, the surface may be left moist and crusty.

Often, in the commonest form of eczema (atopic eczema), the problem is worst in the folds of the skin where your limbs bend.

The itch is intense, and makes you want to scratch. You should avoid this if you possibly can, as scratching only makes the symptoms worse. People say that if you have to do anything, gentle rubbing, with the flat of your hands, is better than scratching.

Whatever the cause of your eczema, the skin becomes more sensitive, and you may well notice that you are more easily upset by cosmetics, soaps, detergents, etc.

Causes
Many things cause eczema. The commonest is a general allergic over sensitivity (atopy). This sort of eczema is known as atopic eczema, and it is linked with asthma and hayfever. That is, these conditions often run together in a family.

The other possible causes include:

Infantile eczema which often affects young babies. This may lead to a patch below their chins, which gets wettest from dribbling, and may be associated with cradle cap.
Contact with substances which irritate the skin chemically. This is caused by direct contact between the skin and the substance, which might be such things as detergents, soaps, diesel or engine oils, strong chemicals, cleaners etc.
Contact with substances which the body has become allergic to. Commonly this involves nickel, rubbers etc. If a woman was sensitive to nickel in the past it would cause a reaction where the bra hooks and suspenders came near her skin, as these typically contained nickel. Plastics have helped to overcome this risk, but jewellery and watches are still a common cause. Suddenly people need to spend a bit more on their presents to you!
Varicose veins can lead to a form of eczema affecting the lower legs. This is known as varicose or gravitational eczema. As well as treatment of the skin, it is important to improve the blood circulation in the legs, and for most people this includes wearing support stockings and staying active on your feet. Your doctor will discuss the options.

Diagnosis
Your doctor will usually come to the diagnosis from examining you. If in doubt, or if he or she feels that you need further tests, then you may be referred to a skin specialist (dermatologist).

Further tests may include blood tests, patch tests (where little patches of different substances are stuck to your skin for a few days, to see if you react to any of them) and other allergy tests.

Treatment
There is essentially no cure for eczema. It involves a sensitivity of the skin that you are likely to have to some degree from now on. There are, however, a number of approaches which help to minimise your symptoms.


The mainstay of treatment is moisturising the skin. For this we use creams, ointments and shower and bath oils which help to replenish the skin's natural protective oils.
You should discuss these with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Washing tends to dry out the skin and make eczema worse. It helps to use an emollient cream as a substitute for soap, and you can apply it liberally at other times during the day. The special bath oils and shower gels also leave a coating of oils on the skin. Some of the creams and oils contain an antiseptic, as it has been found that eczema often flares up as a result of a germ infecting the skin.

Your doctor may prescribe a cream or ointment containing a steroid. These are very effective at reducing inflammation and itch. Your doctor will want you to use this sparingly, and only while the eczema is bad. There are different strengths of steroid applications, and the tendency is to use the lowest strength that the skin requires at the time, in order to minimise the risk of possible side effects of using steroids.
Antihistamines taken by mouth may be helpful in reducing the itch. Your doctor will advise.
If the skin becomes obviously infected, which is more likely as its normal protective surface has been damaged, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics.
There are a number of older fashioned remedies which are still effective and may be suggested by your doctor or specialist. For example tars, menthol.
Evening primrose oil supplements are used for eczema, and are a safe treatment, but have not consistently proved to be effective in research trials. It would appear that the evidence may not support them being any more effective than capsules or medicine containing no active ingredient (placebo).
If the skin is not responding well, your doctor will probably ask a skin specialist (dermatologist) to see you. There are a number of options that the specialist may use. These may include:
Bandages and wet wraps.
Drugs to suppress the immune system. These are only used in severe cases, and include Cyclosporin, a drug otherwise mainly used to stop rejection in patients receiving transplants.
Phototherapy. Ultra-violet light treatment (UVB and PUVA) can be used in the treatment of atopic eczema. Ultra-violet therapy potentially increases the risks of skin cancer, so it is only used in severe cases.
Naturally, if your eczema is a result of a specific allergy or sensitivity, then it is wise to avoid the thing which causes it if you can.

Prevention

Use the cream or ointment which your doctor recommends on a regular basis, and as a soap substitute, to keep the skin supple and to prevent drying.
Avoid scratching when you itch. If you can not stop yourself, then gently rubbing, with the flat of your hand, is less likely to do damage.
Avoid exposure to chemicals and strong detergents. It is usually better to avoid using biological agents altogether. Use protective gloves when you use such things in the house or at work.
If you have been found to be allergic to a specific substance, avoid contact with it, if this is feasible.
Use your treatments according to the instructions from your doctor and the pharmacist.

Further information

British National Eczema Society
American Academy of Dermatology EczemaNet

Books

Coping with Eczema, by Dr Robert Youngson

Helpful book on eczema, including the orthodox and also the complementary approaches to treatment.
(Buy online from amazon.co.uk, or amazon.com.)
Understanding Skin Problems, by Linda Papadopoulous, Carl Walker

Acne, Eczema, Psoriasis and related conditions.
(Buy online from amazon.co.uk, or amazon.com.)
Eczema and Your Child, by Dr Tim Mitchell, Dr David Paige, Karen Spowart

A parent's guide to eczema.
(Buy online from amazon.co.uk.)
Food Solutions: Eczema, by Patsy Westcott

A guide to improving the condition of the skin through diet and by looking after general health. Recipes and advice.
(Buy online from amazon.co.uk.)



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darul_numan81
:WARGA AWAL BERJASA:
Menyertai: 16.05.2003
Ahli No: 239
Posting: 1548
Dari: Batu Pahat,Johor

Johor   avatar


posticon Posting pada: 11-02-04 10:16




eczema.. erm..topik assgmt ana masa 1st year dulu.. tragis klau diingat2 sbb ana dah siapkan assgmt atas topik penyakit lain, tp lecturer tu kata 'out of topic'.. terpaksalah buang begitu saja assgmt tu dan akhirnya ana pun buatlah tajuk 'eczema' ni..
wassalam

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smile_roses
WARGA SETIA
Menyertai: 21.09.2003
Ahli No: 3694
Posting: 895
Dari: Bumi Allah

Sabah   avatar


posticon Posting pada: 20-12-08 13:59


pengetahuan tentang penyakit KULIT...
mari kita sama-sama mengambil pengetahuan tentangnya...

Penyakit kulit berjangkit boleh dibahagi kepada 4 kategori :

i) Penyakit kulit yang disebabkan oleh parasit
ii) Penyakit kulit yang disebabkan oleh kulat
iii)Penyakit kulit yang disebabkan oleh virus
iv)Penyakit kulit yang disebabkan oleh bakteria.

Penyakit kulit berjangkit menerusi :-

i) Sentuhan
ii) Kontak antara satu sama lain
iii)Persekitaran
iv)Kepadatan penghuni
v) Perkongsian pakaian

bersambung....penyakit SKABIES


SKABIES.

Penyebab:
a) hama
b) tungau (Sarcoptes scabiei)

Kawasan pembiakan:
• Pergelangan tangan
• Celah-celah ketiak
• Bahagian pusat
• Sekitar kemaluan
• Celah peha
• Celah-celah jari kaki

Tanda-tanda awal
• Gatal-gatal pada waktu malam
• Bintil-bintil halus yang mengandungi air jernih(visikel)
• Demam

* tempat-tempat gatal ialah tempat terowong yang digali oleh hama betina.
* rasa gatal terjadi akibat tindak balas badan apabila telur menetas dalam terowong tersebut dan mula merayap pada waktu malam.
* 2-3 hari berikutnya,bintil-bintil halus akan pecah dan bernanah akibat jangkitan bakteria
* masa ini pesakit akan demam
* kurang daripada 1% kanak-kanak yang menghidap penyakit skabies akan menghidap penyakit buah pinggang dalam masa 10-15 tahun kemudiannya.

Rawatan :-

• Menyapu ubat di seluruh badan dari leher hingga ke bahagian kaki.Pastikan ubat disapu tepat pada habitatnya.
• Pesakit tidak dibenarkan mandi selama 48 jam selepas disapu ubat. Ubat hanya disap pada waktu malam sahaja.
• Pesakit dikehendaki memakai pakaian yang sama semasa rawatan. Baju tersebut memadai dicuci dengan cucian biasa sahaja selepas digunakan.

Ubat-ubatan :-
Cecair 25% benzyl benzoate
6% salap (iontment) sulfur
Losen crotomion 10%
Cecair 1% gamma Benzene Hexachloride
Campuran 3% dan 6% sulfur dalam losen calamine
Tetmosol,sejenis sabun untuk pencegahan





URTIKARIA PAPUL



Penyebab – Pijal , sejenis serangga penghisap darah daripada order Siphonaptera.

Gigitan pinjal menyebabkan letusan urtikaria, iaitu bintat-bintat (papul) gatal. Di atas papul terdapat lubang halus iaitu,tanda gigitan pinjal yang mengakibatkan kulit menjadi merah.Reaksi ini berbeza-beza bagi setiap individu.Ada reaksi luar yang menyebabkan inflamasi(radang) ke seluruh badan tetapi kebanyakannya tertumpu pada kontak pinjal.

Jangkitan berpunca daripada pinjal yang berumah pada kulit manusia atau kulit haiwan seperti kucing,anjing,tikus dan haiwan ternakan.Pinjal tidak mempunyai habitat khas, Ia boleh hidup lebih kurang selama 2 tahun secara aktif dengan hanya gegaran sahaja.

Pinjal pada manusia, iaitu (pulex irritants) tidak menyebabkan penyakit dalaman, tetapi pinjal pada tikus, iaitu (xenopsylla cheopis)
Amat merbahaya kerana punca penyakit pula (plaque)

Rawatan

Vektor seperti tikus dan keadaan persekitaran yang menyebabkan pembiakan vektor mesti dimusnahkan dengan menggunakan antipinjal iaitu jenis DDT atau racun serangga.


p/s: posting by itifa2

from topic penyakit kulit
http://www.ukhwah.com/viewtopic.php?topic=12311&forum=16

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